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发布时间：2021-08-27 阅读量：
读懂句子和背诵单词之间，还有一道长难句的语法鸿沟，学程考研「每日一句」帮你掌握各种句式结构！
【翻译】
【今日长难句】
The indigenous societies of the Americas had few communicable diseases---no smallpox, no measles, no cholera, no typhoid, no malaria, no bubonic plague. When Europeans imported these diseases into the Western Hemisphere, it was as if all the suffering and death these ailments had caused in Europe during the previous millennia were compressed into about 150 years.
The indigenous societies of the Americas had few communicable diseases---no smallpox, no measles, no cholera, no typhoid, no malaria, no bubonic plague. When Europeans imported these diseases into the Western Hemisphere, it was as if all the suffering and death these ailments had caused in Europe during the previous millennia were compressed into about 150 years.
【词汇分析】
indigenous adj. 本地的，当地的
import v. 输入，引进
Hemisphere n. 半球
suffering n. 痛苦；折磨
millennia(millennium的复数形式) n. 一千年
compress v. 压缩；浓缩
【语法点睛】
本句是一个主从复合句，包含一个状语从句和一个表语从句，其中表语从句中嵌套一个定语从句。
定谓语：
was（主句）为系动词；imported（状语从句）为动词过去式；had caused （定语从句）为“助动词+过去分词”结构；were compressed into （表语从句）为“助动词+过去分词”结构，均为谓语的表现形式。
定主干：
状语从句：
when Europeans imported... Hemisphere是时间状语从句，作整个句子的状语。Europeans为主语，these diseases为宾语，into the Western Hemisphere为宾语补足语。
表语从句：
as if all the suffering ... about 150 years 是表语从句。all the suffering and death为主语，about 150 years 为主语补足语。
定语从句：
(that) these ailments had caused... previous millennia是定语从句，修饰all the suffering and death。these ailments 为主语，被省略的引导词 that为宾语。
主句主干：
it是主语，没有实意，指的是某种情况。表语从句充当句子的表语。
定修饰成分：
in Europe during the previous millennia 为状语，修饰整个句子。
以前美洲原始社会几乎没有传染病——没有天花，没有麻疹，没有霍乱，没有伤寒，没有疟疾，也没有黑死病。当欧洲人把这些疾病带到西半球后，仿佛欧洲在过去一千年里因这些疾病而经历的苦难和死亡，在这里被压缩为150年。
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